Explore KSACs by Pathway
Explore Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Credentials (KSACs) by IT Pathway.
In late 2025, the Partnership pulled together members of industry from across tech to share how the in-demand skillsets for entry-level roles in their fields have changed in the last two years. The KSACs below reflect their feedback on entry-level expectations, especially in a tech workplace increasingly shaped by AI.
2. Machine Learning Models & Algorithms
| Label | KSAC Description | Bloom's Taxonomy Level | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | Define key terms of machine learning, including natural language processing. | knowledge | 1 |
| b | Explain the difference between classification and regression problems. | knowledge | 2 |
| c | Explain the difference between clustering and association problems. | knowledge | 2 |
| d | Explain the difference between supervised and unsupervised machine learning, including the limitations of each. | knowledge | 2 |
| e | Explain at least three key supervised learning methods. For example, linear/logistic regression, decision trees, random forest, boosted trees, support vector machines, and neural networks. | knowledge | 2 |
| f | Explain major deep learning architectures (e.g., multilayer perceptron, feed forward network, CNN, RNN, LSTM, etc.) and when each is best applied. | knowledge | 2 |
| g | Explain key unsupervised learning methods, including k-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, association rules, and principal components analysis. | knowledge | 2 |
| h | Identify and recognize the clusters of common machine learning applications and limitations. | knowledge | 2 |
| i | Identify and recognize use cases to common machine learning applications. | knowledge | 2 |
| j | Understand the prerequisites and success criteria for machine learning. | knowledge | 2 |
| k | Explain the differences between basic learning algorithms and their applications. | knowledge | 2 |
| l | Explain the role and importance of model validation and accuracy metrics in analytics projects, hypothesis testing, and information retrieval. | knowledge | 2 |
| m | Explain efforts to make comples machine learning algorithms more explainable, such as Shapley values and/or LIME. | knowledge | 2 |
| n | Identify pros and cons of different machine learning algorithms. | knowledge | 2 |
| o | Implement, train, and validate a neural network. | skill | 3 |
