Explore KSACs by Pathway
In late 2025, the Partnership pulled together members of industry from across tech to share how the in-demand skillsets for entry-level roles in their fields have changed in the last two years. The Knowledge, Skills & Abilities and Credentials (KSACs) below reflect their feedback on entry-level expectations, especially in a tech workplace increasingly shaped by AI.
2. Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
| Label | KSAC Description | Bloom's Taxonomy Level | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | Explain business intelligence and identify the underlying technologies needed to support it. | knowledge | 3 |
| b | Explain data warehousing and identify the various schemas (Star, Snow Flake, Galaxy, etc.). | knowledge | 3 |
| c | Describe and differentiate operational data store (ODS) vs data warehouse. | knowledge | 2 |
| d | Describe and differentiate data mart vs data lake. | knowledge | 2 |
| e | Demonstrate understanding and ability to apply basic statistics. | knowledge | 3 |
| f | Understand the use of estimation statistics to determine what can (and cannot) be answered by the available data. | knowledge | 2 |
| g | Demonstrate ability to create appropriate (SQL) queries to support DW and BI activities. | ability | 4 |
| h | Describe data visualization and the role it plays in BI. | knowledge | 2 |
| i | Demonstrate ability to use Excel as a basic data analysis and visualization tool (including pivot tables). | skill | 3 |
| j | Explain decision analysis type framework (empirical data analysis). | knowledge | 2 |
| k | Describe data analytics and differentiate descriptive, prescriptive, predictive and cognitive. | knowledge | 2 |
| l | Describe source to target mapping (in terms extraction, transformation and loading). | knowledge | 2 |
| m | Explain prototyping and its role in BI and DW. | ability | 2 |
Credentials
Vendor Certifications - DBMS
- Oracle Associate
- Microsoft
- IBM
Vendor Certifications - Cloud
- AWS
- Oracle
- Microsoft