Explore KSACs by Pathway
Explore Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Credentials (KSACs) by IT Pathway.
In late 2025, the Partnership pulled together members of industry from across tech to share how the in-demand skillsets for entry-level roles in their fields have changed in the last two years. The KSACs below reflect their feedback on entry-level expectations, especially in a tech workplace increasingly shaped by AI.
2. Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
| Label | KSAC Description | Bloom's Taxonomy Level | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | Explain business intelligence and identify the underlying technologies needed to support it. | knowledge | 3 |
| b | Explain data warehousing and identify the various schemas (Star, Snow Flake, Galaxy, etc.). | knowledge | 3 |
| c | Describe and differentiate operational data store (ODS) vs data warehouse. | knowledge | 2 |
| d | Describe and differentiate data mart vs data lake. | knowledge | 2 |
| e | Demonstrate understanding and ability to apply basic statistics. | knowledge | 3 |
| f | Understand the use of estimation statistics to determine what can (and cannot) be answered by the available data. | knowledge | 2 |
| g | Demonstrate ability to create appropriate (SQL) queries to support DW and BI activities. | ability | 4 |
| h | Describe data visualization and the role it plays in BI. | knowledge | 2 |
| i | Demonstrate ability to use Excel as a basic data analysis and visualization tool (including pivot tables). | skill | 3 |
| j | Explain decision analysis type framework (empirical data analysis). | knowledge | 2 |
| k | Describe data analytics and differentiate descriptive, prescriptive, predictive and cognitive. | knowledge | 2 |
| l | Describe source to target mapping (in terms extraction, transformation and loading). | knowledge | 2 |
| m | Explain prototyping and its role in BI and DW. | ability | 2 |
Credentials
Vendor Certifications - DBMS
- Oracle Associate
- Microsoft
- IBM
Vendor Certifications - Cloud
- AWS
- Oracle
- Microsoft