Explore KSACs by Pathway
In late 2025, the Partnership pulled together members of industry from across tech to share how the in-demand skillsets for entry-level roles in their fields have changed in the last two years. The Knowledge, Skills & Abilities and Credentials (KSACs) below reflect their feedback on entry-level expectations, especially in a tech workplace increasingly shaped by AI.
3. Data Manipulation
| Label | KSAC Description | Bloom's Taxonomy Level | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | Perform basic data manipulation and exploration using appropriate tools and software, including use of key Excel functions | skill | 3 |
| b | Create and edit simple data structures and storage, understanding how version control affects each | skill | 2 |
| c | Detect and remediate missing, miscoded, and anomalous data | skill | 2 |
| d | Explain the purpose of and code conditional logic statements | skill | 2 |
| e | Use a computer application to manage large amounts of information | skill | 2 |
| f | Implement common information retrieval and filtering applications in databases and data systems | skill | 2 |
| g | Find and access publicly available datasets | skill | 3 |
| h | Conduct ad hoc analysis (summarize, estimate, predict data, use pivot tables) | skill | 3 |